Immunoglobulins PPT: Structure, Types, Functions

Immunoglobulins, commonly known as antibodies, are specialized proteins produced by the immune system to identify and neutralize harmful substances like bacteria, viruses, and toxins. These Y-shaped molecules are secreted by B cells (a type of white blood cell) in response to the presence of antigens, which are foreign substances that trigger an immune response.

Also See: Antigen Antibody Reaction PPT

Immunoglobulins PPT: Structure, Types, Functions

There are five main classes of immunoglobulins, each serving unique functions: IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, and IgD.

IgG is the most abundant antibody in the blood and extracellular fluid, providing long-term immunity after infection or vaccination.
IgA is found in mucosal areas, such as the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, and in secretions like saliva and breast milk, offering localized protection.
IgM is the first antibody produced during an immune response, mainly present in the blood and lymphatic fluid.
IgE is involved in allergic reactions and protects against parasitic infections.
IgD is primarily found on the surface of immature B cells and plays a role in initiating B cell activation.

Also See: Classification Of Bacteria PPT

Immunoglobulins work by binding to specific antigens, marking them for destruction by other immune cells or neutralizing their harmful effects directly. Their diversity allows the immune system to recognize and combat a wide array of pathogens. Beyond natural immunity, immunoglobulins are used in medical treatments, such as immunotherapy and passive immunity, making them vital in both health and medicine.

Also See: Antimicrobial Resistance PPT